What Happens During Cremation: A Detailed Overview

What is cremation and how does it differ from traditional burial?

Cremation is a process that uses intense heat to reduce a body to its basic elements and bone fragments. Unlike traditional burial, where the body is placed in a casket and interred in the ground, cremation transforms the physical remains into ashes that can be kept in an urn, scattered in meaningful locations, or disposed of according to the deceased’s or family’s wishes.

Traditional burial typically involves embalming, a casket, a burial plot, and a headstone or marker. This approach preserves the body for viewing and creates a permanent memorial site. Cremation, on the other hand, eliminates the need for embalming in many cases and doesn’t require cemetery space unless the family chooses to bury the cremated remains.

Another significant difference is environmental impact. Traditional burials use resources like hardwood or metal caskets and concrete vaults, while cremation has a smaller physical footprint but produces carbon emissions during the process. Green or flameless cremation options are emerging to address these environmental concerns.

How does the cremation process work?

The cremation process begins after the necessary paperwork and authorizations are completed. The body is identified and prepared, with any medical devices containing batteries or radioactive materials removed, as these can be dangerous during cremation. Jewelry and other personal items are also typically removed and returned to the family.

The body is then placed in a combustible container—either a simple cardboard box or a wooden casket, depending on family preferences and whether a viewing will take place beforehand. This container is placed in the cremation chamber, also known as a retort, which is specifically designed to withstand temperatures between 1400-1800 degrees Fahrenheit.

During the cremation process, which typically takes 1-3 hours depending on body size and other factors, organic matter is consumed by heat and flames, leaving behind bone fragments. These fragments are then processed into a fine, sand-like consistency that families recognize as “ashes.” The cremated remains are carefully collected, cooled, and transferred to either a temporary container or an urn chosen by the family.

What are the average costs associated with cremation services?

Cremation is generally less expensive than traditional burial, though costs can vary significantly based on the services chosen. Direct cremation, which involves no viewing or ceremony, represents the most economical option.

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Cremation Type	Average Cost Range (UK)	What’s Typically Included
Direct Cremation	£1,000 - £1,800	Basic cremation without ceremony, transportation, simple container
Standard Cremation	£3,000 - £4,000	Viewing options, basic casket, simple service, urn
Premium Cremation	£4,000 - £7,000+	Extended services, higher-end casket for viewing, premium urn, memorial services

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Prices, rates, or cost estimates mentioned in this article are based on the latest available information but may change over time. Independent research is advised before making financial decisions.

Additional expenses may include:

• Death certificates (approximately £11 per copy)

• Obituary notices (£50-£200)

• Flowers (£50-£300)

• Celebrant or clergy fees (£150-£300)

• Memorial venue hire (£200-£500)

• Specialized urns (£50-£500+)

Location significantly impacts cremation costs, with services in London and other major cities typically commanding higher prices than those in smaller towns.

What factors should be considered when choosing cremation?

Religious and cultural beliefs are primary considerations when contemplating cremation. While some faiths like Hinduism traditionally prefer cremation, others such as Orthodox Judaism and certain Islamic traditions prohibit it. Many Christian denominations, which once opposed cremation, now accept the practice.

Personal preferences of the deceased should be honored whenever possible. Some individuals prefer cremation for environmental reasons, while others appreciate the flexibility it provides for memorial services and final disposition of remains.

Family consensus matters as well, especially when the deceased hasn’t left specific instructions. Open discussions about everyone’s comfort levels and concerns can prevent conflict during an already difficult time.

Practical considerations include:

• Budget constraints and financial planning

• Geographic distance between family members

• Future relocation possibilities (ashes can be moved more easily than exhumed remains)

• Space limitations in local cemeteries

• Environmental impact concerns

• Desire for various memorial options

Timing is another factor, as cremation can allow families more flexibility to schedule memorial services when distant relatives can attend, rather than rushing to organize a traditional burial within days of death.

What options exist for cremated remains?

After cremation, families have numerous options for the cremated remains that aren’t available with traditional burial. The remains can be kept in decorative urns displayed in homes, divided among family members in keepsake containers, or incorporated into memorial jewelry.

Many choose to scatter ashes in locations significant to the deceased—oceans, mountains, gardens, or other meaningful places. However, it’s important to research local regulations, as some areas require permits for scattering.

Cremation gardens and columbaria provide dedicated spaces within cemeteries for cremated remains, offering a permanent memorial site without requiring a full burial plot. Biodegradable urns are available for green burial options, allowing remains to nurture new plant life.

More unique options include transforming a portion of the ashes into memorial diamonds through high-pressure processes, incorporating ashes into artificial reef structures to support marine ecosystems, or even sending a small portion into space on memorial flights.

The flexibility cremation offers allows families to create personalized tributes that truly reflect the deceased’s personality and wishes, often providing meaningful closure during the grieving process.